Understanding E-Bike Classes and Throttle Usage

Understanding E-Bike Throttle Usage and Regulations is important for e-bikes, which are generally categorized into three classes:

• Class 1: Pedal-assist only; the motor provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and stops assisting at 20 mph.
• Class 2: Throttle-assisted; the motor can propel the bike without pedaling but is limited to 20 mph.
• Class 3: Pedal-assist only; the motor assists up to 28 mph and must be equipped with a speedometer.

It’s important to note that Class 3 e-bikes typically do not include throttles. These classifications help standardize e-bike regulations, though each state may apply its own unique laws governing their use.

E-Bike Laws in Pennsylvania

In Pennsylvania, e-bikes are defined as “pedalcycles with electric assist” and must meet the following criteria:

• Weigh no more than 100 pounds
• Have operable pedals
• Be equipped with an electric motor of 750 watts or less
• Only assist up to speeds of 20 mph

E-bikes meeting these criteria are generally allowed on roadways and trails where traditional bicycles are permitted. However, throttle usage is subject to certain restrictions:

• On non-motorized trails managed by the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR), riders must pedal. Throttle-only usage is not allowed.
• On motorized trails and public-use roads, e-bikes are typically allowed unless specifically prohibited.
• Pennsylvania State Game Lands do not allow e-bikes, even on roads open to motor vehicles.

It’s crucial for riders to check with local municipalities and land managers, as local rules may be more restrictive.

Throttle as a Safety Feature

For many older adults and riders with physical limitations, a throttle is more than a convenience — it’s a lifeline. The ability to start from a stop or accelerate quickly without pedaling can:

• Prevent tipping or falling
• Reduce strain on joints
• Help riders handle steep inclines
• Provide a backup in emergencies

This function allows more people — especially those who may have stopped riding years ago — to return to trails with confidence and control.

State-by-State Variations

Throttle laws and e-bike classifications vary widely across the U.S. Here are a few examples:

• California: Uses the three-class system and permits Class 2 (throttle) e-bikes on most bike paths, though local rules may vary.
• New York: Follows the three-class system, but cities like New York have additional restrictions.
• Oregon: Does not allow throttles on Class 3 e-bikes and limits motors to 750 watts.

Riders should always verify local laws before heading out — especially when riding across state lines or on managed lands.

While throttles on e-bikes can raise regulatory questions, they also serve a meaningful purpose — especially for aging riders and those with mobility challenges. In Pennsylvania, Class 2 throttle-equipped bikes are legal in many areas, but riders should stay informed and respect local trail rules.

E-bikes open new doors — just be sure to know where those doors are allowed to open.

Electric bicycle (e-bike) laws in the United States vary significantly by state, encompassing definitions, classifications, operational restrictions, and equipment requirements. Understanding these regulations is crucial for e-bike riders to ensure compliance and safe operation. Below is an overview of e-bike laws across various states:​

E-Bike Laws by State (A–K)

You can download the whole 50 state list HERE

Alabama

• Definition: E-bikes are classified as motor-driven cycles.
• Requirements: Class M driver’s license required; motorcycle helmet required.
• Age Restriction: Minimum age 14.

Alaska

• Definition: Considered motor-driven cycles.
• Requirements: M-class endorsement on driver’s license required.
• Age Restriction: Minimum age 14.

Arizona

• Definition: Termed motorized electric bicycles or tricycles.
• Requirements: No license required; allowed on roadways and bike lanes unless locally prohibited.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 20 mph.

Arkansas

• Definition: Recognized as electric bicycles.
• Requirements: No license required; helmets mandatory for Class 3 riders under 21.
• Age Restriction: Minimum age 16 for Class 3.

California

• Definition: Categorized into three classes:
  • Class 1: Pedal-assist only, up to 20 mph.
  • Class 2: Throttle-assisted, up to 20 mph.
  • Class 3: Pedal-assist only, up to 28 mph with speedometer.
• Requirements: Class 3 requires helmets; may be restricted on some bike paths by local ordinance.

Colorado

• Definition: Electrical assisted bicycles; follows three-class system.
• Requirements: No license required; Class 3 restricted from bike paths unless approved locally.

Connecticut

• Definition: Bicycles with helper motors.
• Requirements: Operators must be at least 16; helmets required.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 20 mph.

Delaware

• Definition: Recognized as bicycles.
• Requirements: No license required; helmets required for riders under 16.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 20 mph.

Florida

• Definition: Termed electric-assist bicycles.
• Requirements: Minimum age 16; no license required.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 20 mph.

Georgia

• Definition: Defined as electric bicycles.
• Requirements: No license required; helmets required for riders under 16.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 20 mph.

Hawaii

• Definition: Classified as mopeds.
• Requirements: Minimum age 15; no license required.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 30 mph.

Idaho

• Definition: Termed motorized electric bicycles.
• Requirements: Minimum age 16; Class D driver’s license required.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 30 mph.

Illinois

• Definition: Categorized as low-speed electric bicycles; follows three-class system.
• Requirements: No license required; helmets required for Class 3 riders under 16.
• Age Restriction: Minimum age 16 for Class 3.

Indiana

• Definition: Classified as motorized bicycles.
• Requirements: Minimum age 15; ID card required.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 25 mph.

Iowa

• Definition: Recognized as electric bicycles.
• Requirements: No license or age restrictions.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 20 mph.

Kansas

• Definition: Defined as electric-assisted bicycles.
• Requirements: No license required; helmets required under age 18.
• Speed Limit: Assistance ceases at 20 mph.

Kentucky

• Definition: Classified as motorized bicycles.
• Requirements: Minimum age 16; driver’s license required; helmets required under age 18.